Thesis Belonging

dissertation Statements for belong RBelonging arse be created, support or broken by RELATIONSHIPS UOnly by means of UNDERSTANDING can an private, assembly or community find a connection. GJUDGEMENTS or choices that individualists make whitethorn create or destroy a sense of be. An individual may choose whether to/or non to belong. BIndividuals (or a group) may encounter BARRIERS to belonging IAn individuals (or collective) IDENTITY and self-perception may develop through the process of belonging.Only the individual can determine whether or not he/she belongs and this will in spot shape a sense of self. PBelonging is a PERCEPTION. Perceptions shape the way that an author, character or responder may feel in relation to belonging. It is important to re outgrowth that circumstance shapes perception. An individual or group may feel that they belong to a move or landscape. AATTITUDES about belonging may evolve and change over epoch IINDIVIDUALITY. Each unique individual has the emf to enrich the community and foster a greater sense of belonging.An individual may belong to an IDEA or ideology including religious, political or cultural ideologies. NBelonging may be understood as an rude(a) NEEDof humanity Examples Our individual identicalness is greatly bring into beinged by how others perceive us. As members of guild we all in all actively desire the respect, and experience of our peers. An individuals fear of disaffection can lead them to think or act in ways that argon not true to their ideology. Belonging to a sociable group builds character and identity.Contrastingly, frenzy forces one to ask why they argon alone and thus the strength of identity is challenged. To truly belong to a group one must surrender all conflicting thoughts and ideologies. As social group, on with your family, dictates the morals you come to respect. These greatly seismic disturbance who you are. Alienation does not make us safeer, all it achieves is a disconcert ing sensation of being unwanted and rejected. Throughout childhood and adolescence, we observe our parents and peers morals and ideologies, and use this to construct identity.The community surrounding you impacts your opinion of selfhood, whence moulding your identity. Being educated on your familys past wrong doings, can lead to you developing a laborious sense of identity that purposefully avoids tell such errors. An individual who is a member of a social group has a greater chance of maintaining their individuality. This is in transmission line to an alienated and disconnected person. When in a similar social group, an individuals identity is perceived as stronger.A strong sense of identity is aquiline on family and social standing in the community. A sense of identity depends on social interaction within family and community members. seats sense of identity is dependant on his perception of the group to which he belongs the police force. When people dont belong to a grou p, they have difficulty in establishing a sense of self. Belonging to a family strengthens the belief you have in who you are and what you stand for. Identity is make up of the people surrounding you. In order to have an identity, one must first belong to a group.

'Marketing Plan on Product Coca-Cola\r'

'Assignment trade intention On ( harvest-festival Coca- locoweed) Prep bed by Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : 0000000 Group- king of beasts selling c atomic number 18 Sec-1 Submitted to Mr. Rumman Hassan Lecturer school twenty-four hour levels of Business Indep turn backent University, Bangladesh 25th April, 2006 25 April, 2006 Mr. Rumman Hassan Course Instructor Marketing meaning School of business IUB, capital of Bangladesh-1212 Sub: garner of transmittal Dear Sir, It’s our expectant fun to submit you this cut across on Market plan of Coca- dope.\r\nWe arrive got a prominent experience while reportings on this report. We would wish well to leave this report to your kind consideration for altogether unwitting mistake that may acc theatrical roler while doing this report. We atomic number 18 forever at your service if you penury to ask us either affaire ab stunned this report and it exit be a great pleasure to work with you again in future. Sincerely yours Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : Group- king of beasts hedge of Contents Page minute\r\nAc bedledgement ——————————————————————— 5 Executive unofficial ——————————————————————-6 Introduction —————————————————————————-7 Beginning of the visualize ——————————————————â€7 Preface ————& #8212;————————————————————7 familiarity Over fascinate ——————————————————————- 7-8 write up —————————————————————————7 Coca-Cola teleph championr in Bangladesh —————————————â€8 accusation Statement ———————————————————————8 pr e genuinelyplaceb of Coca-Cola: ———————————————— ——————â€9 St agitategic Goals ————————————————————————-9 Short de basebornlife ————————————————————————9 Long term ————————————————————————9 Situational synopsis ——————————————————————†10-14 Product Definition —————————————————————10 fall guy discern of Coc a-Cola ——————————————————-10 remote Factors —————————————————————†11-12 demographic ————————————————————â€11 br sepa measurely Factors ————————————————————11 policy- devising Influence ———————————————————12 Com front-runneritors —————————————————————12 giving medication —————————————————————12 Internal Factor ——————————————————————- 13-14 gay Resource Management ———————————————13 technology —————————————————————-13 Management takes ——————————————————â€13 Financing qualification ——————————————————â€14 Marketing Department —————̵ 2;———————————â€14 Brand mental synthesis Efforts ————————————————————— 14-15 affinityship twist Effort ————————————————†14 Building determine ——————————————————————-14 Target Market —————————————————————————15 expending position ———————————————————————-15 strategical Group map of com positron emission tomographyitors in the swallow qualified indus force awayvass —————16 donkeywork Analysis ————————————————————————-17 Critical supremacy Factors ————————————————————— 17-21 Strength ————————————————————————†7-18 Patent ———————————————————————17 take intersection pointion instal —————————————& #8212;———†17-18 Research & victimization ————————————————-18 extravagantly mart touch ——————————————————â€18 Brand propose ————————————————————†18 helplessness ————————————————————————- 18-19 beginner’t sell on level ——————————————————18 Less motive d feature bombard ——————————————& #8212;-19 Insufficient advertise ————————————————-19 Not skillful colonization al geniusocator ———————————————19 Over cartel in their result ——————————————-19 Opportunity ———————————————————————-20 uplifted increase rate ———————————————————-20 Huge local anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic securities motion ——————————————————â€20 toleration of Pet bottle s ————————————————â€20 beloved kind with the dispersal transmission bed —————————20 wide-cut relation with the G e reallyplacenment —————————————20 Threats —————————————————————————21 Other vivacious party —————————————————21 expert peck of opp hotshot and however(a)nts ————————————————-21 policy-making inst ability ————————————&# 8212;—————â€21\r\n dampen professional person forward motion of com coddleitor ——————————-21 Mas mortified’s power structure of involve ——————————————————â€22 Marketing integrate ————————————————————————†22-26 Product ————————————————————————â€22 Price ——————————————————————————23 Distri howeverion Channel ———&# 8212;————————————————24 furtherance ———————————————————————†24-26 progressional activities of Coca-Cola —————————————24 gross gross revenue Promotion ———————————————————â€25 publicise —————————————————————-25 state-supported similarity ————————————————————26 dodge Alternatives ————R 12;—————————————————26 Strategy Recommendations ———————————————————-26 Brand atom Choice Criteria —————————————————†27-28 Exorability ———————————————————————â€27 Meaningfulness ——————————————————————27 Transferability ———————————————————————28 Adaptability ̵ 2;——————————————————————â€28 nurture ability ———————————————————————28 Marketing query ——————————————————————-29 General objective ——————————————————————29 item look ——————————————————————-29 Data collection ————————————————R 12;—————29 Bibliography: ————————————————————————-29 Acknowledgement First of all, we would equivalent to give thanks our lecturer Mr. Rumman Hassan; we argon grateful to him for his cooperation in preparing this report. His proper guidance & helpful side help us to make this report. We like to thank Mr. M. A. Majed conductor (statistics) of Tabani drink social club limited from whom we collected all the training. We quip special thanks to Mr.\r\nShah Suja of Abdul M binglem Ltd who really helped us by giving some information, which is involve for our throw up. We withal like to thanks Mr. Mustafir rahman who is a student of IUB & at the same cartridge clip he is a distri unlessor of coca-cola in Maymanshig districts who helps us to provide information. Executive compact More than a billio n time e genuinelyday, thirsty bulk a shine the institution break for drinkables for refreshment. All around the foundation, drinking drinkable is like an entertainment for stack. sluttish drinks atomic number 18 conside reddish as consumer a elanputs. All round the universe of discourse we bunghole see a antithetical food foodstuff place place phase utilise by the drinking producing companies except in Bangladesh it is a slim diametrical. The companies do non forthwith sell their harvest-feasts to the end consumers.\r\nCompanies such as Soft Drinks (Coca-Cola, Pepsi, RC-Cola, Uro-Cola, stark(a), and so forthtera, mineral irrigate (Fresh, Mum, bloom and etc), Juices (Pran, Danish, Sezan, etc) argon dependents on the scattering railway lines for making their harvest-tideions reach the last-place consumers. As the companies atomic number 18 non making the nation aw atomic number 18 about their beverage by directly selling it to them, they w ont some some new(prenominal)wise media and means to make its guests know about their w bes. They use the human raceisements as one of the or so important progressional tools. on with advertizing they similarly use other progressal tools. We pretend done a study on Coca-Cola confederation with the cultivate to learn about the diametrical commercialize prospects in Bangladesh and our selected proceeds is Coca- Cola. give cargon always the club is doing quite well although at the up-to-date moment RC-Cola is dominating the securities industry a little more(prenominal) than than Coca-Cola.\r\n sleek over Coca-Cola has more market dish out than its com courtitors. Coca-Cola has an efficacious trade and advertising campaign. As the ac confederation does non engender that skillful liquidation distributer they shtup non reach out to a lot of commonwealth. There are separate of recommendations which are provided for the improvement of the work outal ity in the merc knock overising sector The follow’s enthronisation in local communities in over 200 countries imparts billions of dollars in jobs, facilities, market, purchase of local justs and services and al to the senior high schoolest degree importantly the local business partnership. Introduction Beginning of the project We are students of MKT-302 â€Å"Marketing Management”. Our susceptibility Mr.\r\nRumman Hassan, Lecturer, School of Business, Independent University, Bangladesh has assigned to us this report writing as a part of our course study. We are unfeignedly thankful to him for assigning or stem such type of a project work in a sort out of four members. Preface In the medieval we had lonesome(prenominal)(prenominal) two foreign companies in the output of beverages. One is Coca-Cola union and the other Pepsi. In the recent social classs thither is a change that we all chiffonier see. or so in the buffer companies pass entered into th is market. unperturbed Coca-Cola is belongings on to its scene in term of its market consider and market position. want always it has got the same tremendous receipt from the mess in Bangladesh. Previously it utilise to dominate a little more than what it does today. by and by the introduction of\r\nRC-Cola, a sister concern of Partex gathering they wel begin seen a little down fall in their market plow administer. As people are getting more choice some(prenominal) of Coca-Cola’s customers lead diverted to RC-Cola beverages. Still with the bon ton’s ever attracting advertise they realize been able to hold on to nearly of its customers. They similarly serve to their customers the fracture quality beverage. caller-out Overview History The prototypic phoner that conducted its operation in the haywire drink industry was Coca-Cola. They brought a novel revolution in the history of the world. Coca-Cola was accomplished in May 1886 when a pharmaci st Dr. John Styth PEMBERTON prototypic produced syrup in a three-legged brass pot in Atlanta, Georgia backyard. Coca-Cola primary bottled in 1894.\r\nLarge scale bottling was tho come-at-able in 1899. They marketed and distributed the product in ad hoc territories. Coca-Cola confederacy in Bangladesh Even sooner our independence of Bangladesh the Coca-Cola Comp whatever has started its operation in Bangladesh. Coca-Cola started its operation under a franchise agreement. In Bangladesh there are two franchisees conducting operation on be half(a) of Coca-Cola Company. One is Tabani Beverages Company Ltd and the other Abul Monem Ltd. Tabani Beverage was found in 1963 at 257, Tejgaon, capital of Bangladesh. It had a rated energy of 50 metronome marking on and acre discharge area. After independence, in 1972, the shew was booked over to Bangladesh.\r\nFreedom fighter welfare entrust under the ministry of industry with the increase of inactive market demand in 1985 transfe rred and freshly installed the go down with an increased efficacy of 250 BPM at Mirpur on seven acre land area. In 1993 a red- tropic show with 500 BPM capacities was established on the button beside the previous botany. Now the total production line readiness of the conjunction is app. 830 BPM. Tabani beverage produces clxxv ml, 250 ml, 50 ml and railway yard ml crank bottle. They translate Coca-Cola drinks to Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions. Other than Tabani beverage the other franchisee of Coca-Cola Company is Abul Monem gild ltd. In 1982 Abul Monem started their operation later they acquired the lay down of K.\r\nRahman & Company. In 1987 the guild do an aggressive move to expand their market. They installed new H & K bottling line on with and installed capacity of 450 BPM at Comilla. furthermore they gild established another plant Chittagong. The state of the art bottling plant with an installed capacity 600 BPM is the approximately modern plant in the country and is equipped with the straight-line-technology from KHS German. Abul Monem produces the favourite Bottles, CANS and GLASS Bottles of a newly introduced product. Mission Statement Respect for labor and a human right is the fundamental to Coca-Cola Company’s principles for conducting business around the world.\r\nWe treat our employees in more that 200 countries in which we do business in fairness, haughtiness with respect. Or bottling partners and we enlist in uniformity with local laws and contribute to the communities. Ultimately, a company’s identity is measured by how it connects with people and with the world around it. That is why The Coca-Cola Company’s mission is provide as a promise. The Coca-Cola Company exists to improvement and refresh e rattlingone it touches. All of our success, twain chivalric and future, is a product of this promise. Our festering hinges upon our ability to build and nature dealingship-with consumers, custo mers, bottling partners, suppliers, giving medication agencies, communities, employees and share holders.\r\nFurther, as we help to build expand communities all around the world, we seek to look a healthy and sustainable marketplace for our beverages-today, and far into the future. Motto of Coca-Cola: Through out the history of the world’s most popular well-to-do drink, advertising for Coca-Cola has costed the trends of time. Coca-Cola’s advertising mottos are memorable and construct lasting impressions. Since the first slogan was introduced in 1886 ‘Delicious and refreshing’. The overall tooth root has been refreshment- one of the pleasant things in life, distinctive and available nearly e rattlingwhere. Motto followed the allure to make Coca-Cola the better(p) known cracked drink in the world.\r\nToday, motto for Coca-Cola and the company’s other products are cautiously aimed towards individual tastes while appreciation the widely d istributed appeal of refreshment. And really appropriately, the company has world(prenominal)ly launched its new motto Theme â€â€Å" bask Coca-Cola”. ‘Coca-Cola motto’, the world’s best-known consumer product demands the talents of professionals in umteen divers(prenominal) areas. The mottos that has utilise till now are: â€Å"Dil thanda to duniya thanda” Strategic Goals Short term To make water Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value in their current product” Long term To acquire the position as a market leader of the beverage industry in Bangladesh by producing & serving noble-quality and high nourish-added quiet drink. Situational Analysis Product Definition\r\nCoca-Cola is consumer product because last(a) consumer for personal consumption vitiates it. It to a fault fall under the category of Convenience product, which requires very little planning, Little Comparison, low customer involvement, low hurt. It widespread distribution at convenient place makes it easier for the consumer to purchase the product. Coca-Cola has incompatible sizes. They carry 1 liter ice-skating rink bottle as well pet bottle. Coca-Cola as well as has 175 ml and 250ml glass bottles. In addition, they also devote 1. 5 liter of pet bottle and in the recent aside they introduced into the market 2 liter pet bottle coke. It has also 250ml of can coke. Brand Name of Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Has scram one of the most popular and widely known Brand roduct in the world It has high vane equity, and because of its high marking loyalty, physique awareness, Perceived quality, strong blemish affiliation and other assets such as patent trademark and furrow relationship. The Coca-Cola cross off is value at $ 70 billion. here(predicate) we are dealing with tow most important situational factors- External & Internal factors. Some important determinants for this situation analysis are as follows: |EXTERNAL FACTORS |INTERNA L FACTORS | |1. Demographics |1. piece Resource Management | |2. Social Factors |2.\r\n pecuniary Capacity | |3. Political Influence |3. engineering | |4. Competitors |4. Management Level | |5. Government |5. Marketing Department | evade 1: situational factors External Factors Demographic Demographic is the study of people’s vital statistics such as their age, race, ethnicity and location. It is an uncontrollable factor in the outside environment. Demographic is very important for marketing managers.\r\nAfter resume we find that teenagers are the prime consumer of Coca-Cola products, rather than the people at the age group of 60. Coca-Cola does not have an effective and fast distribution channel in the villages of Bangladesh. Their competitors have an upper hand in this zone. From the demographic point of view we have done a opinion on the population who consume more Coca-Cola. |Age Limit |Percentage of Consumer | | at a lower place 10 |10 | |11-15 |20 | |16-20 |23 |21-2 5 |18 | |26-35 |14 | |36-45 |11 | |45 and preceding(prenominal) |04 | |TOTAL |100 | Table 2: ancestor [Tabani beverage Ltd] Social Factors The most difficult external factors for marketing managers to forecast control or curb into marketing plans is the social factor. Social factors accommodate our attitudes, value and lifestyle.\r\nAccording to the company’s mission statement or other statements it is clear that they do not use any such ingredients (e. g. Alcohol), which, contradict to our perception, values of Islamic religion or any other norms, and believes. Political Influence In Bangladesh hartal is a part of our life. Like all other third world counties we have political problems too. The marketing manager of Coca-Cola Company generally sells Coca-Cola 8,000 cases (1 case = 24 bottles) per day but during hartal time the company faces a great loss as they cannot extend their products to the market. Other than hartals they seem to have lesser problems regarding the political condition of Bangladesh. Competitors\r\nPepsi is a very mighty daub name and is one of the bear-sizedgest competitors of Coca-Cola. They compete with Coca-Cola through with(predicate)out the world and it is no different in Bangladesh. At the current moment RC- Cola is a very big brand name in Bangladesh and is the greatest rival for Coca-Cola in Bangladesh. cumulus Dew is a new brand and is a threat for Coca-Cola. RC beverages with the brand image that Partex holds in this country RC beverage easily became a big competitor for Coca-Cola. RC’s market share is increasing which in not a right sign for Coca-Cola. Mineral water such as Mum, Fresh, ACME also a competitor of Coca-Cola. unlike kinds of Juice also compete with cushiony drinks. Government\r\nCoca-Cola has been in business in Bangladesh for a long time but still today there is no record of the company being in any conflict with the government. Coca-Cola always tries to follow the government rules and re gulation and they always pays the government the taxes and tariffs while bringing in their huffy materials from their Parent Company. Internal Factor serviceman Resource Management human beings option management refers to the system that influences employee’s behavior, attitudes and performance. The roles of the Human Resource in Coca-Cola Company are as follows: • Change Agents • Choose a Strategic Partner • Expert organisation Body • Recruit Skilled and high-octane Employees Technology Like all other companies, for Coca-Cola, technology is the most important factor.\r\nCoca-Cola uses very high-tech machines for its production. In 1993 a new plant with 500 BPM capacities was established just beside the previous plant. Now the total production line capacity of the company is app. 830 BPM. In 1987 the Abul Monem Company installed new H & K bottling line along with and installed capacity of 450 BPM. The state of the art bottling plant with an installed capacity 600 BPM is the most modern plant in the country and is equipped with the straight-line-technology from KHS German. Management Levels Coca-Cola Company has three management levels: • Strategic level: The Production Procedure, HRM, Store, Finance, Quality learn is all under his control. Technical Level: They are creditworthy for the administration, production, gross sales & distribution of Coca-Cola products. Under production subdivision they have quality managers; under brand manager they have brand officer and marketing officer. • Operational manager: They are responsible for the distribution of the products and are responsible for al operational activities. Financing Capacity From the fiscal report of 2002 and 2003 we can conclude that the company has a very good and blend fiscal capacity. Coca-Cola has a very high level of income. Moreover they are successfully conducting their business all over the world. Marketing Department\r\nAll their d istribution & sales serve upional material falls under this department. Coca-Cola Company has the marketing intelligence. They do a survey in all over the market situation and then they decide what footprint they should take. During the off seasons the marketing managers takes some promotional activities and uses few strategies to maintain their economic growth rate. The promotional strategies they use are like giving gifts, coupons, scratch cards etc. Brand Building Efforts Relationship Building Effort As the worlds immensest bottler of liquid, nonalcoholic refreshment, we operate in markets with dramatically different consumer preferences, product delivery systems, economic conditions, and marketplace opportunities.\r\n disrespect these variables, Coca-Cola Enterprises meets the inescapably of local customers and communities throughout its divers(a) territories with a strong commitment to local, community-based marketing and superior marketplace execution. These concep ts, combined with our menage belief in a alter operating structure that places responsibility and office as close as possible to the customer, clearly distinguishes Coca-Cola Enterprises from other bottlers. Building value The people of Coca-Cola Enterprises are the heart and nous of our business, building relationships with our customers and our consumers in the communities we serve. By putting people first, we hope to create value for everyone touched by our Company.\r\nWe strive for an aura in which all employees are commodious being themselves †offering ideas, making suggestions, expressing views, and appreciating our overlap and unshared differences †regardless of their age, race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Target Market From the above table we can see that Coca-Cola Company’s main goat listening is the teenage people (16-20). They aim their publicizing mostly at them. Then they ass the age group of 11-15. They are also quite a significant consumer of Coca-Cola products. They scarce target the aged people. Their target is betwixt the ranges of 11-35 years old population. Consumption Rate prefigure 1: Consumption rate of Coca-Cola & other brands No matter how hot or â€Å"cool” the flavor strife becomes this summer; Coke wont be sweat it too untold.\r\nCoca-Cola up 30 Tk to 40 Tk, the worlds largest beverage maker, is still comfortably perched in its slot as the local market leader, according to Beverage Digest. Currently market share of product Coca-Cola is 23%. analyse to other beverages Coca-Cola is the market leader product brand. Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry Figure 2: Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry Products in adversely bear upon strategic groups may try to shift to a more favourably situated group. Here in beverage industry entry barrier is low that’s why too more product are available. Currently Coca-Cola, Pepsi, RC-cola, Virgin cola stands in same strategic group.\r\nHere Coca-Cola is the leading product of the beverage market industry in both market share and tax income generation. Pepsi has second largest market share but its revenue generation is less than RC-cola. RC-cola has low market share comparing Coca-Cola and Pepsi but revenue generation is high. In Beverage industry upper 10, RC orange are the tally revenue generation product. Mum mineral water has demand but that’s market share is also low comparing to Coca-Cola. In this figure u see strategic gap. No company wants of reached their product in that position because it is not possible low market share with high volume of revenue. On the other hand no company wants for a product with high market share but low revenue generation. SWOT Analysis Strengths |Weaknesses | |Patent |Do not sell on broadside | | suffer production plant |Less motivation down stream | |Research & phylogeny |Insufficient a dvertisement | |High market share |Not skillful distributor | |Brand image |Over confidence on their product | |Opportunities |Threats | |High growth rate |Other existing company | |Huge local market | faithful taste of competitor | |Acceptance of pet bottles is higher than |Political stability | |bottles |Better professional promotion of other | |Good relation with distribution channel |competitor | |Good relation Govt. | Table 3: SWOT Analysis Critical success Factors Strength Patent Patent is most important and powerful readiness of Coca-Cola Company. It’s an intangible asset for the company. Coca-Cola Company is a very well established group not only in Bangladesh but also all through out the world. They have a strong brand image all over the world and the same follows in Bangladesh. First half of the Coca-Cola Company is trade marked as â€Å"Coca”, so nobody can use this name. Patent is their powerful strength because its carries their image as one of the m ost reputed producers of beverage in the unanimous world. get production plant:\r\nCoca-Cola Company has their own production plant in Bangladesh-Tabani Beverage established their own production plant with the capacity of 250 BPM, and beside that they newly installed higher capacity of 500 BPM. So they don’t need to depend on others. They only import the Syrup from the patent company & produce it for production. Another franchisee, Abdul Monem Company Ltd. started bottling line with the capacity of 450 BPM. Furthermore, they installed the most modern bottling plant capacity of 600 BPM from KHS German. Research & increase: They have well-established research & development department where they research over their existing product concentration & try to develop it.\r\nThey also do researching on different taste of their products. They have highly qualified employees for their research & development dept. High market share: They are the most prominent manufacturers among all the beverage company in Bangladesh. They have higher market share than their competitors. Coca-Cola captures a market share of 26% where as the other products of Coca-Cola Company has very little share compared to it. Their greatest rival in Bangladesh is RC-Cola, which has a market share of only 19%. This shows that Coca-Cola Company has a high market share. Brand image: They have the most dominant brand name all over the world; they make their image for their brand name â€Å"Coca-Cola”.\r\nWhenever people theorise about soft drinks, the first name that comes into their mind is Coke. This shows how popular they are and how strong is their brand image. Weakness Don’t sell on account: Coca-Cola Company doesn’t sell on account, whereas other companies like selling on account to their dealers. For not selling on account their profit margin tends to go down. Also, they are loosing their dealers and distributors. Other companies are attracti ng those distributors and as distribution channel is the only way that the company can use to reach its final consumers they are facing adept problems. Less motivation down stream: They are very steady run away motivators for their product.\r\nThey motivate but not so strictly, mean not maintaining the time period……… [Need more] Insufficient advertisement: In our country, Coca-Cola does not have enough advertisement promotion. therefore their competitors are professionally more progress than them. Their customers are not properly informed. They think that their brand name would always do the trick for them. Due to less advertisement promotion they are behind their competitor. We exactly can find any advertisement of Coca-Cola in villages. So, many of the customers of that parts of Bangladesh are not having Coca-Cola. Not skillful village distributor: Coca-Cola does not have a good and skillful village distributor.\r\nCoca-Cola products can hardly be seen in vi llage areas. Their advertisements are also hardly seen in those areas. The distributors are not promoting Coca-Cola products in villages, which their competitors are. Their distributors do not have outlets or any other such facilities, which could be promotional for the company’s products. Overconfidence in their product: Just from the point mentioned above we can know that the company has certitude over their product. As they are the first beverage producers in the world and has a very strong brand image and patent, the company thinks that they leave be able to sell their products without too any promotional activities.\r\nCoca-Cola does not have too much advertisement and are also not willing to sell their products on account to their dealers. As such they do not have that good distribution channel outside Dhaka city. They think people would purchase their products because of its brand name. Opportunity High growth rate: From its very lineage in Bangladesh, Coca-Cola ha s a very emf market in our country because of its supranational reputation, quality and high acceptance among people of all ages. Coca-Cola does not have that good distribution channel outside Dhaka but now they are assay to get hold of better distributors and indeed the village people can have access to their products. So it can be seen that in the near future they can have even a great market share than today.\r\nHuge local market: The selling activities of Coca-Cola are very high in the local market than other existing company. They capture the whole market by giving the best quality to their customer and dealing professionally. Acceptance of Pet bottles: Coca-Cola launched irresistible pet bottles, which is authoritative by the entire customer, as it is movable and people are willing to buy these pet bottles rather than the bottles. So their effort to launch pet bottles is successful. Good relationship with the distribution channel: Coca-Cola Company and its distributor have a very good relationship with each other. They supply their product according to their needs.\r\nThey promote their distribution channel through discount & allowances. They serve their dealers on time. Good relation with the Government: Good relationship with the Govt. is very important for any company to run its business. Threats Other existing company: The other rising companies are becoming threat for Coca-Cola. Opening of one company decreases 1% market share each year. Today RC Cola is a very reputed beverage producer and with their attractive advertisements and distribution channels they are at this moment in a better position then Coca-Cola and it is a big threat to them. Not only RC Cola but Pepsi, Virgin and euro lemon are also in this business.\r\nThis means that consumers have more options to choose. Good taste of competitors: The other beverage company’s product is also coming up with the different taste like; mountain dew, URO cola with lemon, Fizz- UP, Pepsi has but Coca-Cola Company does not have any product like that in our country. So that it’s been a great threat for Coca-Cola. Political instability: Like all other companies Coca-Cola also faces a lot of problems regarding the political situation of our country. The political instability creates a lot of problems in the production of goods. Due to hartals, the transportation of their products is affected a lot. Better professional promotion of competitor:\r\nCompetitors are becoming very professional with their advertising. RC Cola has designed a very attractive advertisement. They are victimization all well-known models like Nobel and Reshmi, who is an Indian model, for heir advertisements. Not only RC-Cola but also other beverage producers are using models and jingles for their advertisements. Coca-Cola on the other hand does not have that many advertisements an as such is being threatened by its competitors. There is a possibility that their competitors would captur e greater market share through advertisements. Maslow’s hierarchy of postulate In 1943, Abraham Maslow first published his famous â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs” to explain what energizes and directs human behavior.\r\nIt is no accident that very successful brands, such as Coke, appeal too many of Maslow’s deficiency and growth needs and that these needs are linked to powerful emotions: • Physiological Needs (Coca-Cola quenches thirst and hunger. It is” luscious”& â€Å"refreshing. ”) • Safety/Security Needs (Coca-Cola is practiced to drink worldwide. It is unchanging: â€Å"Classic Coca-Cola. ”) • Belongingness Needs (You are part of a large group of people who love Coca-Cola. ) • venerate Needs (Coca-Cola is recognized as a premium soft drink worldwide. It also call to mind memories of â€Å"special measure and places. ”) • Aesthetic Needs (All Coke ads and designs have a sense of order and bea uty. • Self-actualization Needs (On the Coca-Cola web site, there are many stories on how Coca-Cola has deeply affected people’s lives) Marketing Mix Product Our selected product is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola has different sizes. They have 1 liter glass bottle as well pet bottle. Coca-Cola also has 175 ml and 250ml glass bottles. In addition, they also have 1. 5 liter of pet bottle and in the recent past they introduced into the market 2 liter pet bottle Coca-Cola. It has also 250ml of can Coca-Cola. Whats in a Coca-cola??? • Carbonated Water • High Fructose Corn Syrup • buff Color • Phosphoric Acid • inhering Flavors • Caffeine Price The retail price of the beverage products are given under: Product Item |Quantity per closed chain |Price | | | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | |Coca-Cola |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | | special K ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | | | 250 ml. |12. 0 Tk | | fagot |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | | thou ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |Fanta | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | |RC- cola | 250 ml. | | |500 ml |10. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |18. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |35. 00 Tk | | | |45. 00 Tk | |Pepsi | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | | |500 ml |20. 0 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |7 up | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | | |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 0 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |Mum |500 ml |10. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml |20. 00 Tk | |Sezan juice |250 ml |15. 00 Tk | |Pran juice |250 ml |12. 00 Tk |\r\nTable 4: reference [Tabani beverage Ltd] Distribution Channel Figure 3: Distribution Channel The company will establish an extensive distribution channel for all brand of coca-cola company to make it available throughout the country. It will build six distribution centers (Agent) in the six divisions of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Khulna, and Barishal. From these dist ribution centers, they will supply the coca-cola & other brands to different districts dealers. From dealers, the sales representatives will supply retail shops (small and mega) on the hindquarters of their demand. The small traders will purchase Coca-Cola directly from the dealers.\r\nPromotion Promotional activities of Coca-Cola Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. According to Coca-Cola promotion is one of the major tools of marketing. A good way of promoting a product not only helps to influence and motivate people to buy it but also give a good impression about a company and it products. Sales Promotion Sales promotion includes marketing activities-other than personal selling, advertising, and public relations- that stimulates consumers, trade and dealer effectiveness. Sales promotion can be aimed at end consumers, trade customers, or company’s employees.\r\nCoca-Cola offers all of these sale s promotions every year for various purposes. Coca-Cola s sales promotion tools include free samples. Sales promotion is generally a short run tool used to stimulate agile increase in demand. Frequently Coca-Cola uses sales promotion to improve the effectiveness of their promotion mix ingredients, especially advertising. Research shows that sales promotion complements advertising by amenable faster sales responses. advertising Advertising is a form of impersonal, one-way flock communication paid for the sponsor. Many different media may transmit it. Examples include television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards etc. Coca-Cola does advertise by these media as well.\r\nThe Coca-Cola advertising usually follows a campaign process that consists of five phases: • Determining the advertising objectives • place setting the campaign budget • Determining the center to be transmitted to the target market • Selecting the means vehicle and • Eva luating the campaign Advertising is one of the most important promotional tools among the promotion mix of a company, which is used in order to father their contentedness along with visual effect. Coca-Cola is number one world(prenominal) brand in soft drinks items. So it also uses media advertising in order to capture full market coverage through out the world. In case of any sort of advertising campaign or slogan i. e. he central theme of ad is the most important part advertisement along with its storyboard. In fact, ad campaign communicates the product message to its target customers. Public Relation Concerned about the public images, Coca-Cola ofttimes spend large sum of cash to build a positive consumer image. Public relations are the marketing function that:- • Evaluates public attitudes • Identifies the policies and procedures of the company and • Executes a class of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. A solid public relations program ca n generate companionable publicity also. Thus Coca-Cola now spends capacious money in the game product line such as football and cricket, Sponsoring for jack ladder shows etc.\r\nOrganizing the ‘Asian Test cricket Championship’, Coca-Cola Companies of Bangladesh paid Tk4, 000,000 approximate only for the final match of this tournament. Strategy Alternatives • honour existing strategies • Consolidate resources to focus on the soft drink market and strip down of other businesses such as harvest-feast drinks • Leverage brand equity and financial resources to accelerate global market brainstorm with a view toward long-term cyberspace Strategy Recommendations • Focus on global market expansion • Leverage brand equity and financial resources to dominate the global market • Consider divesting of fruit drink lines and then reallocating resources to dominate the global soft drink market Brand Element Choice Criteria Exorability Brand E lement | touchstone | |Brand Name |Coca-Cola can be easily recalled and recognized | | guide words |â€Å"Coca-Cola Enjoy” â€Å" unendingly Coca-Cola” â€Å"Pio Saar Uthake” â€Å"Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola” â€Å"Dil Thanda to | | |Dunia Thanda” â€Å"Thandar naam Coca-Cola” can be chosen to promote brand recall and recognition | | jangles | jingle-jangle can be also memorable | |Package |Attractive modify with different packaging which contain all the information to make the package | | |memorable one | |Logos & Symbol |Unique logotype and style of it by using red and white color in that creates attraction to it’s | | |consumers mind | Table 5: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Meaningfulness Brand Element | quantity | |Brand Name | Name of Coca-Cola has come from coco leaves and cola nut. | |Slogan |Its slogan has excellent meaning which can convey a message to build association | |Jingle |Its jingle carries distinctive message to its customer | |Package |Its packaging color convey the meaning of joy and pleasure | |Logo & Symbol |Its logo & sign is unique and different from its competitor | Table 6: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Transferability Brand Element |Criterion | |Brand Name |Coca-Cola is globally accepted Brand | |Slogan |Its Slogan is easily acceptable through out the world | |Jingle |Jingle is transferable according to the culture of the array country | |Package |Packaging color and style is attractive through out the world | |Logo & Symbol\r\n'

'Bad-Bad Words (Term Paper)\r'

'Bad-Bad linguistic process Der’rik Hardin Psych 326 declination 1, 2012 Dr. Hennon Bad-Bad Words The goal of this paper is to turn taboo a series of research on rely rowing, their messages, and a brief register of profanity. I also intgoal to furnish that expletive quarrel be deemed satisfying in certain complaisant statuss in the Ameri coffin nail acculturation. To begin we moldiness trammel semantic. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that deals with the seatvas of meaning, changes in meaning, and the principles that g everyplacen the relationship amid sentences or conditions and their meanings (Weinreich, Labov, & Weinreich, (1980).It speciality out also be referred to as the ingest of the relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent. But presently, does the meaning of the affirm invent matter any more than than or is it the way we portray these bad spoken oral communication in a specific affable situation? Ambigui ty and harassment Words Currently there is no read surmisal to explain why populace conviction or why we chose the boys we handling to define these anathematise wrangling. Psychologists, linguists, forges pathologists and a number of an opposite(prenominal) researchers soak up been pondering on much(prenominal) an translation for roughly judgment of conviction.According to Jay, (2000), denunciation is an essential agent of phrase in linguistics and psycholinguistics that refers to aggregate expenditures of unquiet livery. The term anathema is subjected to more an(prenominal) an(prenominal) ambiguous rowing such as whammy, lampblack, list avocation, insulting, ethnic-racial slurs, vulgarity and slang, (Jay, 2000). These legal injury pull up stakes be utilise interchangeably passim the paper. Thanks to research conducted by timothy Jay in 1992, it was quite simple to choose between the handling of malediction and its many ambiguous terms.For starters, cursing is more than name announceing. In fact, to curse is to call(a) upon noble or supernatural power in say to perk up harm to a nonher, (Jay, 2000). The drift rear end cursing is to ca ingestion corporal harm on a nonher with the usance of talking to and phrases. Most the Statesns expend cursing in short phrases, out of angriness and frustration to get their exhibit across with strong emphasis of the pictured perception, (Jay, 2000). S wearing awaying is the use of any word or phrase that is likely to cause criminal offense when apply in pump class polite conversation (McEnery, 2005). fella before meant to take an oath legally or religiously until a second meaning suspended the term to take on the use of discourtesy vocabulary (Hughes, 2006). Initially, informing seemed to name positivity in sentences as it replaced cutthroat actions as a means of presenting anger (Jay, 1992) and slake considered to be a identical word to the closely relate d word curse. To the American culture, obscenity is viewed as sexual in nature (Jay, 1992). Obscene language whitethorn rest of quarrel such as â€Å" be intimate” â€Å"cunt,” or â€Å"mother derriereer. ” According to Jay (1992), to label a word as raunchy is technically restricting that word to justify speech.This means such a word cannot be used freely and can be subjected to restrictions or punishment from the passing governing body. It is the American culture which gives execrable words the relation to sexual content and imagery. For this cerebrate, courts deem obscenity as unquiet and not to be freely uttered, especially in the media, books, and other forms of public diversion (Jay, 1992). Written in The Mother Tongue, English and How it Got That Way (Bryson, 1996), it is mandatory that a lease or motion picture be rated R using certain intelligible words.The Federal Communications Commission, (FCC), get downed to get out seven bad words fr om syllabus television; these consisted of â€Å"shit,” â€Å"piss,” â€Å"fuck,” â€Å"cunt,” â€Å"cocksucker,” â€Å"motherfucker,” and â€Å"tits,” (Sapolsky and Kaye, 2005). Even though Americans can be intolerant of give tongue to, some adjuration does occur on U. S. television (Sapolsky and Kaye, 2005) such as South Park (Grimm, 2003). Producing some(prenominal)(prenominal) prosperous seasons, South Park used milder bad words like, â€Å"hell,” â€Å"ass,” â€Å"screw you,” â€Å"bitch,” pricking”, and â€Å"son-of-bitch,” for guinea pig (Sapolsky and Kaye, 2005).Insults and slurs can be considered other forms of curse words, or bad words in general. They take on a similar meaning as curse words in their similar example to cause harm to another individual. Although insults and slurs consist of different bad words, they ar twain forms of verbal attacks. While slurs deal with soc ial background, race, and ethnicity indicating stereo theatrical roles, insults denote physical, mental, or psychological qualities (Jay, 1992). Lastly, scatology was a in the raw word for me which refers to the use of humankind waste products, (Jay, 1992).Americans often hear the use of scatology amongst young adults and children more than older individuals. This is credibly because the consept of human waste is facetious to the junior crowd. For example, my son, Aiden, likes to refer to his wet underwear as â€Å"pissy,” when he has an accident (which originated from his grandmother). Other words in scatology implicate â€Å"shit,” â€Å"ass,” â€Å"crap,” or â€Å"ka ka. ” The variety of bad words is quite indispensable for the purposes of semantic evaluation. This allows linguists to define the different type of meanings these utterances hurl on on the human language (Jay, 1992).Some of these classifications, as there argon more than w hat I mystify listed above, may point of intersection a lot. According to Bryson, (1996) in order to know the actual meaning fag a curse word, the attendee mustiness know the draped and evaluate the organize in which the curse word is worldness used. For example, Whitney tells her best help to â€Å"shut the fuck up” as they be express feelings hysterically opposed to Whitney telling her friend to â€Å"shut the fuck up! ” as they are arguing over pizza. The example certifys dickens different scenarios with the same word usage only when different stirred captive behind them.In order for the listener to interpret the two scenarios differently they must pay attention and evaluate how Whitney is communication in each sentence. As tack by Dewaele (2004), the perceived strength behind curse words matters rather than level-headed on the basis of word semantics. oath Words in their Proper view Although, mainly assemble offensive, curse words are not al ways used to cause harm. For example, in a jokingly conversation between two friends, cardinal may utter the statement â€Å" flatter my ass” which may be open mentalityous to the other friend.Yet, still individuals do not always find curse words funny, such as when 1 is being told to â€Å"fuck off” during a disagreement. The use of cursing serves to exaggerate or put emphasis on the emotions of the speaker which also drags attention to the listener (Jay, 2000). For this reason some people curse to show how strongly they feel approximately the issuance they may be speaking on. For example, in my experience, when an argument breaks out the audience entrust hear name calling, such as â€Å"bitch,” â€Å"whore,” etc. Behind the name calling is direct intent to harm the other person being argued with.Even though this is a bad example to show a positive use for curse words, it demonstrates the stimulated anger and frustration that the two arguers ar e trying to convey finished the use of name calling, or the term more widely accepted by the American public, curse words (Jay, 1992). It seems to be unwashed knowledge that curse words are bad â€Å"pursue,” yet they are still commonly used depending on the situation or demographics. For example, most parents know not to use curse words round young children. So, when is it okay to use cursing terms and why is it situational based?not only does the situation matter scarce the choice of curse words and culture makes a difference. Bryson (1996) provides a list of words free-base most offensive in certain cultures. Some of these bad words could be classified under slurs because they employ racial, social class and ethnic offense to a certain assemblage of people. In Norwegian it is mellowedly offensive to call someone a â€Å"devil” (Bryson, 1996), which is equivalent to the American â€Å"fucker. ” Some cultures however do not swear at all as their native l anguage does not contain swear/curse words.These cultures include the Japanese, Malayans, and most Polynesians and Native American Indians (Bryson, 1996). scorn the small number of countries that do not condone to cursing, most cultures curse and have been doing so for a very keen-sighted time (Bryson 1996). A theme on Romans, done by Dr. J. N. Adams of Manchester University in England, found an estimated 800 bad words in their vocabulary. These findings are outstanding, compared to the English language containing roughly most twenty depending on how they are being used (Bryson, 1996).In an essay exploring the use of swear words during stand-up comedy, Susan Seizer found it appropriate to use such obscenity and vulgar words despite the haughty Court censorship rulings. Siezer (2011), uses swear/curse words in an idiomatic, non-denotational, and non-referential way to aid humor and laughter for the audience. Her goal, in this study, was to use words such as â€Å"fuck” o r â€Å"holy shit” to provoke something other than sexual or excretory images to the public.She also intends to further the effect of freeing Americans from these referential and denotational word uses in an attempt to open up poetic pleasures of word play (Seizer, 2011). Seizer’s shot was confirmed concluding her study. Through her examples and test she proved that the comedic use of dirty words can be illustrated in a non-denotational manner for the sake of comedy and humor. By using obscenity this way a shift in the audiences expectations and moved international from sexual vulgarity to sorts of pleasure (Seizer, 2011).Obscenity passim the experiment combineed and intensified the expressions of the speaker’s perspective and comical experiences which also put the audience at ease as the free play with words allow the comedian to open up and heighten the states of hilarity (Seizer, 2011). Seizer’s study promoted the idea that curse words are not a lways seen as a bad thing but more situational based. Depending on the environment, it seems to be okay to freely play with words such as â€Å"dick,” â€Å"fuck,” â€Å"pussy,” and â€Å"shit,” as Susan used in her experiment.Apparently, if it is humorous to the audience, freedom of speech is accepted anywhere. As reported by Andersson and Trudgill (1992), swearing may occur in jokes for humorous intent and many jokes depend on the dump value of swear words for humor; inversely relating curse words and comedy. non only are curse words deemed acceptable through comedy but for entertainment purposes as well. Take smut for example. Swear or bad words are used in pornography to heightened erotic behavior between two actors. Coates (2003) also reported the use of swearing in social situations.According to Coates (2003), Adolescents may express their identity of being cool through curse words or to appearance closeness in friendships and popular group ci rcumscribetings. Brief History in profanity After searching through several articles and multiple books I came to realize that curse words has never had a scientific historian. Mencken, (1944) reports bad words, or profanity as he terms it in his article, came to America from England during the Seventeenth Century. In this age of time the use of curse words was not socially accepted.Mencken (1944) goes on to write about canful Adams. In 1755, John Adams ceremonious rules for the Navy of the United Colonies in terms of profanity. Sailors who chose to speak profanely were authorized to wear a wooden collar or a shameful badge (Mencken, 1944). John Adams was not the only man in history to punish citizens for the use of profanity. wholeness year prior to Adam’s rules, George Washington employed his own set of rules for soldiers in order to decrease the use of swearing or profane cursing (Mencken, 1944). Unfortunately, these rules did not hold many years.Near the end of the ce ntury Richard Parkinson stated the words â€Å" goddamned” and â€Å"hell” as a new phrase used by many Republicans. Parkinson pointed out that men in high power used profane language as well, including George Washington (Mencken, 1944). Accepting Curse Words Similar to our day in age, the restriction of cursing, profanity, and swearing was not successful and still widely used at the discretion of the public. Written in the north American Review of 1934, and cited in Mencken’s article (1944), Burges Johnson declared that American profanity was losing its” punch”.By that he means the asperity of curse words has diminished over time. As we can see, the practice of curse words is becoming more socially accepted and used to express identities for some people while emphasizing the intent behind speech for others. Hinduja and Patchin (2008) reported the expiration to which teens swear on social networks. Their research data on swearing and Myspace showe d 19. 2 percent of participant’s individualised profiles contained swearing and 32. 8 percent of participants swearing on their friends profile. profane swearing has evolved and become a necessity part of language (Jay, 2000). Mentioned in Jay’s book (2000), a comprehensive theory of cursing must be embodied into human linguistics and psychological models of language because it captures the emotional aspects of language along with the emphasized, offensive intent behind the speaker. This theory of cursing must be accepted and interconnected into human linguistics because human language does not exist without human emotion which cannot be separated from emotional reactions in the use of language (Jay, 2000).Works Cited Andersson, L. G. and P. Trudgill. (1992). Bad Language. capital of the United Kingdom: Pengiun. Bryson, B. (1996). The Mother Tongue: English and how it got that way. red-hot York: Avon Books. Coates, J. (2003). Men Talk. Maldon, MA: Blackwell. Dewae le, J. (2004). The emotional force of swearwords and taboo words in the speech of multilinguals. journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Developments, 25(2,3), 204-222. Hinduja, S. , ; Patchin, J. W. (2008). personal information of adolescents on the internet: A quantitative content analysis of myspace.Journal of Adolescence, 31(1), 125-146. Hughes, G. (2006). An encyclopaedia of swearing: The social history of oaths, profanity, pass language, and ethnic slurs in the English-speaking world. Armonk, NY [u. a. : Sharpe. ] Jay, T. (1992). Cursing in America: A psycholinguistic study of dirty language in the courts, in the movies, in the schoolyards, and on the streets. Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. Jay, T. (2000). wherefore we curse: A neuro-psycho-social theory of speech. Philadelphia, Pa. [u. a. : Benjamins. ] McEnery, T. (2005). Swearing in english.London: Routledge. Mencken, H. L. (1944). American profanity. American Speech, 109(4), 242-249. Sapolsky, B. S. , ; Kaye, B. K. (2005). The of offensive langauge by men and women in hot flash time television entertainment. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 13(4), 292-303 Seizer, S. (2011). The unmentionable: Verbal taboo and the clean life of language. On the Uses of Obscenity in Live Stand-Up Comedy, 84(1), 209-234. Weinreich, U. , Labov, W. , ; Weinreich, B. S. (1980). On semantics. Philadelphia: Univ. of pappa Press.\r\n'

'Social Benefits of Audit\r'

' take stock emerges because society needed. scrutinizeing has been a regular gambol of organized human activity from the earliest times. Indeed evidence suggests that formal analyze procedures existed in the sparing activities of the most of the early civilization. With the advancement of development, take stock emerges as a separate discipline & contributes to the economic & affectionate advancement. visits serve a vital economic purpose and act as an important part in constituent the overt interest to strengthen byice and reinforce trust and confidence in financial reporting.\r\nAs such, audited accounted accounts help conjure economic prosperity, expanding the variety, number and quantify of proceeding that nation ar prep argond to move in into. However, in recent years, and in the escape of corporate s produce noticedals, we receive witnessed ongoing world(a) motives for improvements in audit quality. Changes support been interpreted place to p romote greater hydrofoil in the audit and answerability in attendees but in that location atomic number 18 proceed demands for further improvements to be made. Definition of audit:\r\nThe availability and use of resources is strongly influenced by the type of economic policies that entities implement. Modern audit is concerned with citizen’s economic and affable benefits. In the jargon of economics, brass actions typically ‘distort’ the operation of economies, compared with the benchmark of a competitive market economy, and assumed to be able to operate with proscribed any government intervention. Such actions washstand besides be justified by auditor if there are benefits stemming from the action that protrudeweigh its cost.\r\n here(predicate) is an example of such logic utilize to education: To finance better-quality schooling for those who have the least educated parents, and who attend the worsened schools, it whitethorn be necessary to rhytidopl asty taxes on other great deal. The basic economic insight that such taxation distorts incentives stiff valid. Such policies should be implemented only to the result that the (present) value of the long-run benefits of greater equity exceed the efficiency costs of funding them. [World Bank, World Development wrap up 2006 (Washington DC: World Bank, 2006) at rapscallion 22.\r\nBenefits and costs are typically mensurable using a money-metric. Education is typically valued in terms of additions to a person’s expect afterlife lifetime earnings, placing a low value on education of tidy sum whose anticipate future lifetime earnings are low, and no value on people for whom such earnings are zero. The identical tension dissolve be make if we look at the economy as a whole. Neoclassical economics settle the benefits of economic policies in terms of maximize the output of goods and services, as measured by the level and rate of festering of the rural’s Gross Domes tic intersection (GDP).\r\nIt is assumed that rapid economic growth will lift people out of poverty, and that private ownership and market competitor are likely to be the outgo mechanisms for maximizing economic growth. (This belief is what underpins the advocacy of privatization of public enterprises and services, and liberalization of markets). If some people are left behind, or and so made worse-off, by policies aimed at maximizing national output, then it is assumed that ‘winners’ can compensate ‘losers’, for instance via taxation and public expenditure ( though these instruments must be used in a authority that minimizes so-called ‘distortions’).\r\nThis might be expound as a strategy of ‘ prime(prenominal) maximize the size of the pie, then apply that it will be sliced up in such a office that nobody is made worse off’. Note that this approach is indifferent as to whether the losers are people who are already very ric h, or very poor. all(prenominal) is equally deserving of compensation. Nor does it pay practically attention to the likelihood of compensation really taking place. If the policy measures are expected to produce the maximum possible redundant output, then auditor will give tongue to opinion that is enough for them to be judged ‘optimum’.\r\nStates enjoy a margin of understanding in selecting the means to carry out their obligations. However, in discharging their obligations for the identification of economic and companionable rights, states must pay regard to the next cardinal points: the requirement for progressive realization; the use of maximum available resources; the scheme of retrogression; the satisfaction of minimum necessary levels of economic and societal rights; non-discrimination and equality; and participation, transparentness and obligation. These principles can be used as a frame cipher for auditing economic policy.\r\n graphic symbol of aud it to the brotherly perspective: Governments are facing an ever? growing demand to be more accountable and socially responsible and the people are fitting more assertive about their rights to be informed and to influence governments? decisiveness? devising borderes. Faced with these demands, the executive and the legislature are looking for new ways to appraise their surgical operation. Civil society organizations are also undertaking ? kindly take stocks? to superintend and confirm the social feat claims of the organizations and institutions.\r\n favorable canvas is a tool with which government divisions can plan, manage and measure non? financial activities and monitor both internal and away consequences of the department/organization’s social and mercantile operations. It is an instrument of social accountability for an government. In other words, companionable Audit may be defined as an in? depth scrutiny and analysis of the attaining(a) of any public utility vis? a? vis its social relevance. brotherly Audit has evidentiary role in social development. role of the Social Audit\r\nThe purpose of conducting Social Audit is not to find recess with the individual functionaries but to assess the exercise in terms of social, environmental and community goals of the organization. It is a way of measuring the extent to which an organisation lives up to the shared determine and objectives it has committed itself to. It provides an assessment of the impact of organisations non-financial objectives through and through systematic and regular monitoring, based on the views of its stakeholders. Salient Features The foremost principle of Social Audit is to achieve continuously meliorate performances in relation to the chosen social objectives.\r\nEight specific key principles have been identified from Social Auditing practices around the world. They are: 1. Multi? Perspective/Polyvocal. Aims to reflect the views (voices) of all those pe ople (stakeholders) involved with or affected by the organisation/department/programme. 2. Comprehensive. Aims to (eventually) report on all aspects of the organisation? s work and performance. 3. Participatory. Encourages participation of stakeholders and sharing of their values. 4. Multidirectional. Stakeholders share and give feedback on multiple aspects. 5. Regular.\r\nAims to produce social accounts on a regular tail so that the concept and the practice arrive embedded in the culture of the organisation covering all the activities. 6. Comparative. Provides a means, whereby, the organisation can compare its own performance each year and against appropriate external norms or benchmarks; and provide for comparisons with organisations doing similar work and reporting in similar fashion. 7. Verification. Ensures that the social accounts are audited by a befittingly experienced person or mission with no vested interest in the organisation. . Disclosure. Ensures that the audited a ccounts are disclosed to stakeholders and the wider community in the interests of accountability and transparency.\r\nThe following figure depicts the principles of Social Audit and universal values: These are the pillars of Social Audit, where socio? cultural, administrative, legal and democratic settings form the insertion to operational social Audit. The Social Audit process is intended as a means for social engagement, transparency and conversation of information, leading to greater accountability of decision? akers, representatives, managers and officials. The underlying ideas are directly cerebrate to concepts of democracy and participation. The application of Social Audit at the village level holds horrifying potential for contributing to good topical anesthetic governance and increased transparency and accountability of the local bodies. Applying the Tool The six go of Social Auditing are: 1. Preparatory activities 2. specify audit boundaries and identifying stakehold ers 3. Social accounting and earmark? keeping 4. Preparing and using social accounts 5. Social audit and dissemination 6.\r\nFeedback and institutionalization of social audit Stakeholder reference point, involving department functionaries and civil society, would be the assembly for sharing the Social Audit plan. This consultation would clarify the issues important for Social Auditing, role of stakeholders, as well as commitments from them. The terminus of the consultation would be fed into the process of detailing out: the indicators to be monitored; which live records are to be used; and how extra information would be collected. The next key step is to fix responsibilities for various activities.\r\nThe activities let in preparing formats for social account? keeping, compilation of entropy and reporting the same on a monthly basis (internal use). Managers of the department/programmes can use this information for monitoring as well as providing feedback for improving performa nce and overcoming bottlenecks. Ideally, Social Audit should be conducted regularly, and the manner should be developed through a participatory relationship between the auditor and the organisations/departments. The following figure depicts the detailed move followed in the social audit cycle.\r\n'

'Manchester United: Brand of Hope and Glory Essay\r'

'Identify who you believe to be Manchester get together’s key stakebearers and evaluate their desex up ones mind in sexual intercourse to the ethical military posture taken by the comp any(prenominal).\r\nEthical location defined by Johnson and Scholes as: ‘the achievement to which an transcription willing exceed it minimal obligations to stakeholders and society at large.’Four mathematical ethical posts exist and atomic number 18 stereotypes for any organisation.\r\nThe first ethical positioning is short sh arholder am uptakes; a company who truss actu totallyy close to laws and regulations which argon in place. They give and do only what they are obliged to, this unremarkably causes problems with long-term fiscal decisions.\r\nThe instant view is lengthy-term piece of groundholder gratifys †a company who are rattling centre on construction and of importtaining character in relation to its fiscal success. They take into este em all stakeholders and how they ignore effect the organisation in the forthcoming.\r\nThe third stance is ternary stakeholder obligations †relating to a company taking great consultation with all stakeholders. This is a genuinely s emit process and not a skinny stance for a ready moving and growing company.\r\nThe last stance is shaper of society †companies who focus on communities and wishing to build them up; this stance puts the financial interest second and is usually related to charitable organisations.\r\nManchester coupled matches the second stance †Longer-term shareholder interests.\r\nThey are centre on edifice personality exploitation players, clothing, technology, media and many other airs to erect their group up and brand. They are kn bear ball-shapedly using unanimous market methods and this has greatly aided their financial goals.\r\nAs a global organisation they get a number of stakeholders, each of these croup be categorised int o the amount of creator and interest they yield, using stakeholder mapping. This model is called the Power/ saki matrix (sh knowledge below) and indicates the type of relationships held or should be held in the midst of stakeholders and the organisation.\r\nINSERT plot AS DISCUSSED ABOVEManchester unify’s stakeholders can be geted as the following:• film directors•Owners/shareholders•Employees•Customers•Suppliers•Partners/Sponsors•Players •Supporters•Community stems•Investors•Media •G everywherenmentsStakeholders at bottom segment A are of very little violence and interest, Manchester united can keep these stakeholders asseverate but are not of in racy spirits importance.\r\n fragment B contains stakeholders of advanced interest yet low power. They will contract to be unbroken in bring and also to a current degree, assume to be kept evoke in the teams actions.\r\nSegment C contains s takeholders who bring forth high power and low interest, they are at magazines content with what is dismission on but like to be kept certified, at any clock prison term these stakeholders can make a drastic veer and merge with Segment D.\r\nSegment D are the key players who need to be of high importance to Manchester join, they need to be headspring informed and agreeable at all times. They will ready very strong pulls on decisions and changes cosmos made.\r\nEach stakeholder has individual expectations of the club and a certain degree of power. Not all stakeholders will gain power or interest in the team, but they do fit into the Matrix appropriately. I will look at each stakeholder self-reliantly and say where and why they below in the segment they are placed.\r\nTaking into gustatory perception that the ethical stance, which Manchester fare in is calln to perk up, (Longer-term shareholder interests) it’s easier to place each\r\nstakeholder at bottom t he matrix. Manchester joined determine on construct a positive and well kn throw reputation and in turn this builds their financial frontier.\r\nManager’s this includes managers on the football plump for surrender and in stores selling team merchandise. They whitethorn hand high power within their own domain but within the wider view of the matrix they can have low power and high interest. This places them in segment B. Their interest will be related to performance in their especial(a) areas. The main reason for this interest could be related to promotion and salary.\r\nOwners and shareholders have high interest and high power as they are the main source for profit, dropping into segment D. Without the shareholders thither would be very low financial statuses and they would not be able to fund their reputation. They have high power in making nett decisions and are intimately classic to watch, when feel at in incorporated governance.\r\nEmployees can have very low power and at times low interest in reputation and management. At this stage they would be categorised as segment A. in general the employees who would fall into this segment would be those who con military positionr the job as a path to patch up their bills. They have no very value in the job; if they didn’t work for Manchester get together then they would work elsewhere. Football players as employees of the organisation have high power and interest depending on their famous status.\r\nFor example in the upshot study David Beckham would have been placed in segment D as he is a landmark player valued by on the nose about every football team imaginable. He can use this to his advantage influencing decisions and other stakeholders to his way of thinking.\r\nInvestors, Suppliers and community of interests groups are seen, to be kept informed but have little if no power (segment B). Investors in particular indispensability to know if their investment will obtain a retu rn, so at times they are not interested in using power or having much interest. Suppliers have little power as the team have a strong demand from others wanting to supply their needs. erect by them universe linked to Manchester United makes them more desirable to other companies.\r\nCustomers and Supporters are one of the team’s main sources of revenue; most will pay ridiculous amounts for season passes to racys home/ by and will spend more on memorabilia. They have a high interest in their team and as a result of this they have high power (segment D). Manchester United knows if they make a change that customers and supporters wouldn’t support that it’s not a positive alteration to be made.\r\nPartners and sponsors want to be kept informed of the team’s progress and financial status as they are linked to the reputation of the team. Such partners and sponsors of Manchester United are Vodafone, Nike, Budweiser, Air Asia, Audi and AIG. These companies ar e related to Manchester United for marketing and financial reasons. They all have high power and high interest. They want them to promote their products in a good light and on a global scale, and they use the team to do so.\r\nIf they see the team facing a surrender they can remove themselves and choose other team to promote. This gives them a very high power over the team and influence over decisions (Segment D)The media are highly important stakeholders to keep interested and informed at all times. Media are there to inform all stakeholders about the good and uncollectible even though this can be manipulated at times. This results in the team retention them very satisfied and informed at the same time (segment D).\r\nAfter taking into consideration all key stakeholders it’s clear to see, who have the strongest power and or interest, in relation to the ethical stance of Manchester United. Each stakeholder will have their own reasons for using their power and interest and it’s highly important for Manchester United to make sure these stakeholders are kept informed and satisfied with the way the team is managed in all areas of their ethical stance. The stakeholder mapping is can change at any time and needs to be kept in close consideration before and afterwardward alterations.\r\nQ2. Critically evaluate how the key heathenish characteristics of Manchester United (including value, beliefs and taken for granted assumptions) whitethorn have changed from pre -1990 until today. What are the implications of these changes for current and future strategies?After extensive research of Manchester United it’s clear to see a big change in their pagan characteristics from the day they began playing football, to this bow day.\r\nThe team began in 1878 as a group of workers from Lancashire and Yorkshire railways and they began to play for local leagues and competitions. In 1902 they became an independent organisation called Newton Heath F.C.\r \n flavor for at the organisations culture past and present it can be broken kill into four layers, shown below:INSERT DIAGRAM AS DISCUSSED ABOVEThis breaks the organisation the Paradigm, Behaviours, Beliefs and Values; looking at each Manchester United has changed dramatically over time.\r\nThe early stratums seen values and beliefs built on players and local communities, concentrating on the game itself and building a reputation for winning against local rivalries. At this time their only taken-for-granted assumptions were that they could win games and not worry about finance resulting in them almost going bankrupt.\r\nFrom the beginning it’s unmixed they slamd the game itself and were clearly not financial focused. Brian Oliver commented in a newspaper phrase online saying â€Å"Before 1990 there was no such thing as a sports supplement, it was just about the game and the fans. It was just strong relationship between fans, their families and the players”. This comment proves the team were focused on little material objects; they were there to value and have fun.\r\nTheir determination was proven after a number of set backs, such as one presented in the fact study †The Munich plane crash. This had a broad impact on performance, but they showed they were strong-willed about the game and holding it alive.\r\nvictimization the Strategy Lenses theory of Design, Experience and Ideas it’s apparent at this stage the lenses most concentrated on where ideas and design. This was by comely an independent team and designing the rig and colours which were then modified year’s later.\r\nLooking at the culture network of Manchester United we see a representation of the taken-for-granted assumptions of the organisation and the physical side of their culture (diagram below), this concentrates on the two internal layers of the four layer diagram antecedently mentioned.\r\nCome 1990 the whole culture of Manchester United chan ged, they became very focused on the financial side of the game. A real capital of Spain spokesperson commented â€Å"football clubs are marketing brands, not teams…it’s no longer a case of doing well on the monger; the more merchandise you sell, the better.” Manchester United began to focus on building a global reputation through players, such as David Beckham; so to build a brand. Over the years less and less players from the local communities where being brought on the team and today most players on the team are not from England. The team no longer focused on building the local communities and their young players.\r\nAs stated in the case study ‘Manchester United is now marketed as the national team †which has taken it away from the roots and its local community. Football should be a love affair otherwise you are just a business. The big clubs have bury their roots and are isolating themselves.’ similarly comments of concern regarding the local schools and junior football teams being the next generation of players were being forgotten by the big teams. This schooling is related to the stories section of the culture web and shows just how the culture has moved form being relaxed to being very prodigal pace.\r\nThe symbol of the team is their kit and logo which can be found anywhere, from online to in your local stores. From 1990 on this symbol has move around one of the most recognisable symbols globally. The power social agreements have changed from being the team players to sightly the stakeholders which in question one fall into the Matrix in section D. These stakeholders have power over the organisation and the way they are run and how their reputation is perceived. The Organisational structure is a typical hierarchy and uses a formal structure of command.\r\nThe control systems in Manchester United are focused on finance and go by a corporate governance structure. This is monitors by a number of agents and involves presenting each stakeholder with the correct education at all times in regards to shares, profits and expenditures. The ritual and routines of Manchester United before 1990 were focused on the players and the game itself, making it a family orientated sport. After 1990 the game was about raising revenue and building the best football reputation. This is well illustrated in the case study, by stating the financial figures and share prices and how they have risen.\r\nThe future of the team as the case study shows, ‘plans are well advanced in new-media technology, principally the lucre and mobile telephone potential.’ They have previously advanced in the service intentness by using BSkyB to launch their own satellite channel (MUTV), they have produced a premiere movie, provide banking facilities, introduced sports and leisure facilities on with a clothing brand to match, open(a) a café, allow weddings on their own Old Trafford grounds and launched an offic ial website. outback(a) of the case study the future of Manchester united looks positive, with player transfers and progressing into new markets.\r\nIn finale the cultural characteristics of Manchester United have changed over the years has changed dramatically and in relation to the industry it has evolved very fast. They are a club who works on building a high reputation and keeping it superior to all other clubs who are seen as their rivalries. This was the main focus in the beginning of the organisation but in a different light compared to today, as discussed previously. Their future is aimed towards staying with the ideas and design culture and as for experience it seems to be held on the pitch!\r\nReferences\r\nBooksJohnson, G. Scholes, K (2004). Exploring Strategy Change. 2nd ed. England: Pearson schooling Limited. Pgs136-138.\r\nJohnson, G. Scholes, K. Whittington, R (2005). Exploring Corporate Strategy. 7th ed. England: Pearson instruction Limited. Pgs56-57, Pgs164-170, Pgs179-211.\r\nLynch, R (2006). Corporate Strategy. 4th ed. England: Pearson nurture\r\nLimited. Pg5, Pgs416-423.\r\nWebsitesMind Tools Ltd. (2007). The Cultural Web: Aligning your organization’s culture with strategy. easy: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_90.htm. stretch out accessed 22 November 2007.\r\nUnknown. (2007). Stake holder mapping: Aligning your organization’s culture with strategy. Available: http://www.12manage.com/methods_stakeholder_mapping.html. Last accessed 12 November 2007.\r\nWikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2007). Manchester United F.C. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C. Last accessed 11 November 2007.\r\nUnknown. (2007). Manchester United football. Available: http://www.manchesteronline.co.uk/manchester/united/. Last accessed 13 November 2007.\r\nElectronic report/articlesPeter Berlin. (1997). Survivors of ’58 Plane Crash Recall a Special Team: Manchester’s Darkest Loss. Available: http://www .iht.com/articles/1997/05/29/soccer.t_17.php. Last accessed 13 November 2007.\r\nHamil, S. Holt, M. Michie, J. Oughton, C. Shailer, L. (2004). The corporate governance of professional football clubs. The corporate governance of professional football clubs. 4 (2), Pgs44-51.\r\n'

'National Curriculum for USA\r'

'Since the early 1980″s, the issue of the States”s faltering unre unmitigateded school dodge has become a serious concern. The crisis in K-12 education is integrity of the biggest ch altogetherenges facing the estate. Should thither be set standardized tests assumption to students, and furtherto a greater extent, should the united States adopt a issue curriculum to keep up with the standards of early(a) countries?\r\nLynn Davey and Monty Neill suggest in their sacrifice entitled, â€Å"The sheath against a National Test” that, â€Å"U. S. olicymakers and the public have been deluged with proposals for guinea pig examen”, because the bereavement of the nation to adequately educate the students of America has an endless list of negative effects. The pathetic eachy low results of Ameri discharge students through transnational test scores in the unify States suggests that with the overlook of proper education, generations of children atomic num ber 18 ontogeny up without the basic, essential knowledge requisite to be able to compete in the workplace.\r\nLynn Davey also states, â€Å"But because the get together States has no national outline of achievement testing, we push asidenot validly comp atomic number 18 students” performance across the nation”, in her essay entitled â€Å"The campaign for a National Test”. Albert Shanker, who was chair of the Ameri displace Federation of Teachers claims in his essay entitled, â€Å"Are American Schools Too unaccented? ” that, â€Å"In countries where there is a national curriculum, fewer students atomic number 18 lost, and fewer teachers are lost because they know what the students who walk into their schoolroom have already studied”(122).\r\nThis is a good point, but in the United States students and teachers are allowed to express their ideas creatively. Not all teachers in the U. S. teach in the identical manner, and for this reason i t would be hard to establish a national curriculum in which all teachers taught the similar things at the same time. In his essay entitled, â€Å"The Tyranny of a National Curriculum” Marc Bernstein suggests that, â€Å"People that hold back a national testing computer program believe that too many students are failing to perform to their potential and that forceful steps fill to be taken to improve their education”.\r\nBut what American students need is school reform, not more testing. â€Å"More test scores willing not magically produce educational improvement” (Davey & Neill). The masses that keep back national testing should slow follow through for a moment and realize that testing is not the first step in learning, and start focusing on fate students in rural towns as oppose to larger cities.\r\nWhile there are real differences in the educational opportunities of poor people and rich students, standardized tests exaggerate these differences by their biases and confuse lack of ability with lack of exposure” (Davey & Neill). â€Å"France and Japan, for instance, have strict national curriculums” (Davey). â€Å"Since a government style decides educational bailiwick, if the agency makes a mistake, all schools are forced to go on with it. Such a risk can be avoided if the power to decide educational content is transferred to state and local governments” (Chapter 3).\r\nThe American educational arrangement operates in this way, departure the choices for educational content up to the 50 state and local governments. This is beneficial to the United States because with such a diverse existence it leaves the door open to adjust content if needed to suit certain schools in different towns and cities. Freedom is the trademark of America, and people of other countries because of this admire Americans. The American educational system tries to develop freedom and creativity among its students.\r\nIt all ows students to explore their ideas freely and teaches them to believe they can do anything they put their minds to. One can say that the American educational system is different from other countries educational systems. However, one cannot express the idea that the American system is worse than any other educational system. Sure the system does need well-nigh reform, but to drastically say we need a national curriculum, I figure not.\r\n'